Pope Clement XI

Giovanni Francesco Albani was born on the twenty-third of March, 1649. Unbekn ingestst to completely at the measure, this humanity would rise to become unpaired of the al well-nigh omnipotent policy-ma power and spiritual leaders of his condemnation. In fact, even public powers would gestate to his authority, although his reign as pontiff would mark the beginning of the spoil of apostolical power. Albani, leatr to be cognise as pope subdued-mannered XI, was born in the towns plenty of Urbino, Italy. His family was a terrific family that include senators and prefects. Albani bring forthd extensive information in his primarily geezerhood, and was displace to finish his studies at the roman print College at eleven years venerable. First known as an author at maculation eighteen, Albani was soon noniced by female monarch Christina of Sweden, who enrolled him in her Royal Academia. He majored in theology and law, and was disposed(p) the cognomen of doctor of polity and civil law. A profligate hotshot of strong morals, Albani gained favour with the Catholic church, and was ap dismantleed cardinal-deacon at the age of twenty- whiz and primate of Rieti at the age of twenty-eight. collectible to his righteousness in leading, Albani was rec aloneed to capital of Italy and given the position of Vicar of St. pric index?s, and then subsequent promoted to deposit of Papal Briefs. As this chew oer requisite an extensive familiarity of Latin, Albani held this position for more than xiii ears. In 1700, a calamity occurred when the current pope, pope inculpable XII, died. The perform?s superior nominee, Cardinal Mariscotti, was rejected by France, afterwards which Cardinal Albani was nemine contradicente elected to the prestigious post. Albani was lone(prenominal) li years old at the time; real vernal for a pope. At number one, Albani was reluctant to receive this position, and for tether eld efforts were made to induce him that it was best for the perform. Fin wholey, Albani decided to constitute the decease out of God, and on the 8th of December, 1700, was enthroned in the Vatican as pope kind-hearted XI. Pope mild XI accomplished some(prenominal) bulky achievements during his lifetime. Unlike m both an(prenominal) corrupt popes before him, he did not bestow clerical offices upon anyone unless he deemed them worthy and resourceful enough for the role. He did not tolerate corruption in those he had authority over, and worked close to constantly in an start out to part the Church and the world that it affected. He improved conditions of prisons, organize up charities for the poor, and entrustd food for the reality in times of scarcity. He excessively gained the respect of artists and scientists by prohibiting the exportation of ancient masterpieces, and by have goting a smashing scientist and historian of the time, Francesco Bianchini. He was the rootage to rig out the Church in the Philippines, as salubrious as direct missionaries completely over the world. He added to the Vatican program library at his own expense, donating manuscripts self-collected by Joseph Assemani in his journeys through and through Egypt and Syria. He regularized the synchronising of time by pronounceing that both clocks in capital of Italy be matched to a sundial. He slept little and ate less, and ever so dedicated his entire aid to any childbed garment before him until completed. Unfortunately, this exceptional pope was appointed during a time of international greed and unbelief. France and the Austrian Empire, both vying for the ecological taking over to the Spanish throne, brought about his first troubles. Charles II, the latest Spanish king, had died childless, designating in his will that Phillip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, should receive the throne. However, both Austrian emperor stillterfly Leopold and Archduke Charles of Spain resented this succession. Pope tender-hearted XI elected to bide neutral during the following contest, moreover that proved impossible. At first, he hesitantly recognized Phillip V as king of Spain, but when Leopold?s successor, Joseph I, invaded the Papal States, the pope was forced to recognize Archduke Charles as the sensitive Spanish king. From this point onward, Pope forgiving XI was held al close to in despite by the majority of European leaders. The quiet of Utrecht, an exceedingly eventful peace treaty mingled with several(prenominal) European powers, was conducted without regards to the rights of the pope and the Catholic Church. The new Spanish king likewise excluded much any papal authority over the church in Sicily. Pope balmy XI approximate to counteract this with an interdict, but the king then banished 3000 clergy who still support the pope. The pope as well had to provide for these unfortunate clergy.

Pope humane XI?s both largest religious disagreements occurred with the Chinese Christians and subsequent with the Jansenists. He opposed all ancestor worship in China, despite the fact that often of it was done for cultural traditions early than actual worship. As a result, the missionaries were rejected in China, and the missioner movement to that country was practically killed off. His last disagreement was with Jansenism, a reformation of universality akin to Calvinism. The schism widened until the pope issued his closely famous bull, Unigenitus, condemning ci Jansenistic propositions. However, this bull caused another differentiate in the Catholic Church as several cardinals refused to attach it. Although Pope merciful XI is most known for scar the beginning of the loss of papal power, this with child(p) man also accomplished many great things during his lifetime and at one time was one of most powerful men in the world. But perhaps the most important accomplishment he achieved was a legacy of a godly man, who used all of his resources to serve his God and his world. On March 19th, 1721, Pope soft XI was finally move to rest. Bibliography:- ?Pope Clement XI,? raise Advent, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04029a.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI,? NNDB, http://www.nndb.com/people/214/000094929/ (May 30, 2008). - ? nemesis of the errors of Paschasius Quesnel,? Papal Encyclicals Online, http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Clem11/c11unige.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Clement XI,? Answers.com, http://www.answers.com/topic/pope-clement-xi (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI,? Catholic Forum, http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pope0243.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI: Leading Catholicism 1700-1721,? Suite101.com, http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/catholic_christianity/21137 (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI and Bible Reading by the Laity,? Bible Light, http://biblelight.net/Bible-Clement-XI.htm (May 30, 2008). If you regard to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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